Construction law update · 2026

CIS fraud rules 2026: how to protect your gross payment status

Since 6 April 2026, HMRC can strip gross payment status, recover lost tax and charge 30% penalties if your business knew or should have known a payment was linked to fraud. Good checks and good records are now your best defence.

  • Explains the “knew or should have known” test
  • Practical due diligence checklist
  • Help applying for or keeping GPS
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At a glance

What HMRC can now do

These powers apply to payments made on or after 6 April 2026.

Remove GPS immediately

No warning and no waiting for the annual compliance review.

Recover lost tax

Make your business pay tax a fraudster in the chain did not pay.

Penalties up to 30%

Charged on the business and potentially its directors personally.

Five-year bar

The wait to reapply for gross payment status rises from one to five years.

What is the “knew or should have known” test?

The test has been used for VAT fraud for years. From 6 April 2026 it also applies to the Construction Industry Scheme, through new sections inserted into the Finance Act 2004 by the Finance Act 2026. If HMRC can show that your business made or received a payment and knew, or should have known, that it was connected to the fraudulent evasion of tax, three things can follow:

  • Immediate loss of gross payment status. There is no advance notice and no wait for the annual review.
  • Liability for the lost tax. Your business can be assessed for tax that someone else in the chain failed to pay.
  • A penalty of up to 30% of that lost tax, which can also be charged to directors and other connected people.

After gross payment status is removed on these grounds, you must wait five years before reapplying. Before April 2026 the wait was one year. For a contractor who relies on being paid gross, that can be a serious cash flow problem.

Why HMRC brought this in

HMRC says organised fraud in construction labour supply chains is still costing billions. A common pattern is a labour company that collects payments, does not pay over its tax and then folds, often reappearing under a new name. The government expects the new measures to raise around £765 million by 2030/31.

Who is at risk?

Any business in a CIS chain. Main contractors, labour agencies, groundwork and trade subcontractors, and even subcontractors who pay their own sub-subcontractors. Checking that a subcontractor is registered with HMRC is still required, but it is no longer enough on its own. HMRC will look at whether the deal made commercial sense and whether there were warning signs you ignored.

How to show you could not have known

The answer is documented due diligence. If HMRC asks, you need to be able to show what you checked, when, and what you did about anything unusual. The checklist below is a good starting point. We can help you build it into your monthly CIS routine so it takes minutes, not hours.

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Checklist

Supply chain checks to keep on file

Do these before the first payment and repeat them regularly.

Verify with HMRC

Verify every subcontractor’s CIS status before paying them, and keep the verification number.

Check Companies House

Look for brand new companies, recent director changes, overdue accounts or strikes off.

Check the VAT number

Confirm VAT registration and that reverse charge invoices are correct.

Watch for red flags

Prices well below market, frequent bank detail changes, or pressure to pay third parties.

Know who does the work

Labour-only suppliers should show who their workers are and how they are paid.

Record everything

Keep dated notes of every check and every question you asked.

Gross payment status

The three tests for gross payment status

Unchanged in 2026, but HMRC applies them strictly.

Business test

You carry out construction work, or supply labour for it, in the UK and run your business through a bank account.

Turnover test

At least £30,000 net turnover for a sole trader; for partnerships and companies £30,000 per partner or director, or £100,000 in total, excluding VAT and materials.

Compliance test

Your tax returns and payments, including VAT since April 2024, must have been on time over the last 12 months.

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FAQs

Frequently asked questions

What does “knew or should have known” mean?
It means HMRC does not have to prove you were part of the fraud. It is enough to show that a reasonable business in your position, given the information available, should have realised the payment was connected to tax fraud.
Is verifying a subcontractor with HMRC enough?
No. Verification is still required, but HMRC can also look at warning signs such as unusually low prices, newly formed companies or requests to pay someone else. Keep records of wider checks too.
How long would I lose gross payment status for?
If it is removed under the new fraud rules, you cannot reapply for five years. Before 6 April 2026 the waiting period was one year.
Can directors be personally penalised?
Yes. The penalty of up to 30% of the lost tax can be charged on the company and also on its officers and other connected people.
Have the gross payment status tests changed?
No. The business, turnover and compliance tests are the same. VAT compliance has formed part of the compliance test since April 2024.
Can you help me apply for gross payment status?
Yes. We check you meet the tests, tidy up any late filings first and make the application for you. If HMRC refuses, we can help you appeal.

Protect your gross payment status

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